九十年代以来，随着保守主义思潮的兴起，五四反传统的问题一时又成为争论的焦点。本文通过对鸦片战争以来中西文化的冲突和演变过程的分析，说明以儒学为中心、与旧政统相结合的道统的衰败，既是中国社会现代转型的结果，也是五四新文化运动的基本前提。五四在批判儒学独尊的同时提出了并立竞进的文化思路，这是五四的真精神所在。与此同时，本文对哈耶克的“传统至上”理念作了初步的辨析 Since the 1990s, with the rise of conservative ideology, the issue of opposing the tradition of the May 4th Movement has for the time being the focus of controversy. Through the analysis of the conflicts and evolution between Chinese and Western cultures since the Opium War, this article illustrates that the decay of the Taoist system with Confucianism as its core and with the old system of government is not only the result of the modern transformation of Chinese society, but also the basic premise of the May Fourth New Culture Movement . The May Fourth Movement put forward the cultural train of thought that went hand in hand with each other while criticizing the respect of Confucianism. This is the true spirit of the May Fourth Movement. At the same time, this article makes a preliminary analysis of Hayek’s concept of “supremacy of tradition”