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必需脂肪酸（EFA）作为膳食中必需营养成份之一，具有广泛的生物学效应和生理活性。a-亚油酸主要存在于植物油中，廿碳五烯酸和廿二碳六烯酸主要存在鱼或鱼油中。人体细胞膜脂质中均含有EFA，其中脑、视网膜和生殖器官最为丰富。胎儿和婴幼儿生长快速期EFA的供给和补充不足，会影响脑发育和功能，使胎儿或婴幼儿脑重量减轻，脂质成份改变，视功能减退，早产儿尤为明显。人体对膳食中EFA最低需要量为“a-亚油酸290－390mg／日或更长链n－3脂肪酸100－200mg／日，在平衡膳食中每周摄取300－400g鱼或鱼产品是有益的。
Essential fatty acids (EFA) as one of the essential nutrients in the diet, has a wide range of biological effects and physiological activity. a-Linoleic acid is mainly found in vegetable oils, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are predominantly present in fish or fish oil. Human plasma membrane lipid contains EFA, which is the most abundant brain, retina and reproductive organs. Fetal and Infancy Rapid EFA supply and inadequate supplementation can affect brain development and function, so that fetal or infant brain weight loss, lipid composition changes, hypoparathyroidism, especially premature children. The body’s minimum dietary EFA requirement is "290-390 mg daily for a-linoleic acid or 100-200 mg daily for longer n-3 fatty acids and it is beneficial to take 300-400 g of fish or fish product weekly in a balanced diet of.