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美国黑人文学,即非裔美国文学,是美国文学的重要组成部分。早期的美国黑人文学反映了黑人奴隶的悲惨生活,同时描写了他们的反抗斗争。他们作品表达着黑人追求和平,摆脱束缚,求得解放和争取自由幸福生活的强烈愿望。南北战争以后,美国黑人文学得到了发展,尤其是一战以后的哈莱姆文艺复兴中,兴起了一批有代表性的黑人作家。进入20世纪后半期,60年代,黑人文学迅猛发展,无论是小说,戏剧,还是诗歌,都进入了繁荣阶段,在多元文化背景之下,黑人文学从边缘逐渐走向美国文学的中心。
Afro-American literature, African-American literature, is an important part of American literature. Early Afro-American literature reflected the miserable life of black slaves while describing their resistance struggle. Their works express the strong desire of black people to pursue peace, get rid of shackles, seek liberation and strive for a free and happy life. After the Civil War, Afro-American literature developed. In particular, during the Harlem Renaissance after World War I, a group of representative black writers emerged. In the second half of the 20th century, in the 1960s, the rapid development of black literature, novels, drama and poetry, entered the stage of prosperity. Under the multicultural background, black literature gradually moved from the periphery to the center of American literature.