前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是男性泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一[1],现今已成为威胁男性健康的主要问题。PCa的主要筛查手段包括血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostatic specific antigen,PSA)、直肠指诊(digital rectal examination,DRE)、经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasonography,TRUS)。PSA作为目前PCa筛查的主要实验室手段,其敏感性和特异性较低,一项长期随 Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common malignant tumors in the male urinary system, has now become a major problem that threatens the health of men. The main screening methods of PCa include serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). As the primary laboratory tool for PCa screening, PSA is less sensitive and specific and a long-term