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近代中国的省宪运动是一次具有民主色彩的政治运动。其目的是通过自下而上的方式完成国家统一任务,同时实现中国政治发展模式的转型,走与美国相类似的联邦主义道路。省宪运动的政治目标是先建立各省自治的小型自治共同体,在此基础上,再由自治省构成联邦制国家。政治转型的前提是制度设计问题,省宪运动中,各省先后制定省宪法成为当时重要的政治潮流。各地省宪法从内容和结构上体现了对民主法治精神的弘扬,但同时又存在明显不足,影响着省宪法的贯彻与权威性,这对国家的民主转型构成阻力,最后导致省宪运动走向政治发展的困境。
The modern constitutional movement in China is a democratic political movement. Its purpose is to accomplish the task of national reunification through a bottom-up approach while at the same time transforming China’s political development model and following a similar federalist road to the United States. The political goal of the provincial constitutional movement is to first establish a small autonomous community of autonomous provinces in each province, on the basis of which a federation of provinces will then be formed. The premise of political transition is the issue of system design. In the provincial constitutional movement, the provinces have formulated the provincial constitution as the important political trend at that time. The Constitution of all provinces and autonomous regions embodies the promotion of the spirit of democracy and the rule of law from the content and the structure, but at the same time, there are obvious deficiencies that affect the implementation and authority of the provincial constitution. This constitutes a resistance to the democratic transformation of the country and finally leads to the shift of the provincial constitutional movement to politics Development difficulties.