建立了线弹性组分连续变化梯度材料的波动方程、特征方程及特征线上应力、应变与材料质点速度的相容关系。讨论了特征线的可能形态。研究了应力波在这类材料中传播时的传播特性。研究发现:应力波在这类材料中传播时,波速仅是波所经过位置的函数;波速在大多数情况下是变化的;但波速的变化不会产生新的冲击波。 The wave equation, characteristic equation and the compatible relationship between the stress and strain on the characteristic line and the material particle velocity are established. The possible shape of the feature line is discussed. The propagation characteristics of stress waves propagating in such materials are studied. The results show that the wave velocity is only a function of the passing position of the wave when the stress wave propagates in these materials. The wave velocity changes in most cases; however, the change of the wave velocity does not produce a new shock wave.