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以国内外代表性滚石冲击力计算方法为基础,针对冲击力的影响因素,设计了一套滚石冲击力测试装置。通过试验设计,选取不同的滚石质量、冲击速度、入射角度、缓冲材料性质及厚度等影响因素,获得冲击力变化规律。结果表明:最大冲击力随滚石重量的减小或冲击速度的降低而逐渐减小,2 cm厚度缓冲层比直接冲击时减小了90%左右,缓冲效果明显。同时最大冲击力随着入射角度的变小而降低,但入射角度越小,冲击力值降低的幅度越小。结合冲击试验结果,通过冲击力计算方法对比分析,建立了可用于各影响因素的最大冲击力计算方法,验算表明误差很小。研究结果可为滚石灾害的防治设计提供参考依据。
Based on the calculation method of representative roller impact force at home and abroad, a set of test device of roller impact force is designed according to the impact factors. Through the design of experiments, different influencing factors such as rock mass quality, impact velocity, incident angle, nature and thickness of cushioning material were selected to obtain the variation of impact force. The results show that the maximum impact force decreases with the reduction of the weight of the rock or the decrease of the impact velocity. The buffer layer with a thickness of 2 cm is reduced by about 90% when compared with the direct impact and the buffering effect is obvious. At the same time, the maximum impact force decreases with the decrease of incident angle, but the smaller the incident angle is, the smaller the impact force decreases. Combined with the impact test results, through the comparative analysis of the impact force calculation method, the maximum impact force calculation method that can be used for various influencing factors is established, and the checking shows that the error is small. The results can provide a reference for the design of prevention and control of the rock-roll disaster.