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目的了解纸质印刷企业职业危害现状,为有效控制和治理该行业的职业危害,降低职业病发病率提供科学依据。方法选择沈阳市8家纸质印刷企业,通过现场调研和质谱分析确定职业病危害因素的种类,对匹配度和响应值高的毒物进行定量分析,对物理有害因素进行现场检测,依据GBZ 2.1-2007和GBZ 2.2-2007进行结果评价。结果 8家印刷企业检出化学有害因素20余种,以苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶剂汽油、甲醛为主,印刷岗位超标率分别为64.52%、6.45%、6.45%36.36%和40.00%;覆膜岗位苯超标率达80%;装订作业岗位噪声超标率达68.42%。结论该市纸质印刷企业应加强职业病危害因素的治理,建议变革工艺,使用环保印刷材料,设置机械送、排风系统,采用减振措施等对职业有害因素进行控制。加强个体防护及职业卫生管理,保护劳动者健康。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational hazards in paper printing enterprises and provide scientific basis for effectively controlling occupational hazards in this industry and reducing the incidence of occupational diseases. Methods Eight paper printing enterprises in Shenyang were selected to determine the types of occupational hazards by on-site investigation and mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the poisons with high matching degree and response value, and the physical hazards were detected on site. According to GBZ 2.1-2007 And GBZ 2.2-2007 to evaluate the results. Results Eight printing companies detected more than 20 kinds of chemical harmful factors. Benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent gasoline and formaldehyde were the main pollutants. The over-standard printing rates were 64.52%, 6.45%, 6.45%, 36.36% and 40.00% Membrane benzene exceeded the standard rate of 80%; binding operating noise exceeding the standard rate of 68.42%. Conclusion The city paper printing enterprises should strengthen the management of occupational hazards, it is proposed to change the process, the use of environmentally friendly printing materials, set mechanical delivery, exhaust system, the use of vibration damping measures to control occupational hazards. Strengthen individual protection and occupational health management and protect workers’ health.