一、内镜:内镜通过选择性的活检标本能精确诊断食道壁的异常。除了进行组织学的鉴定外,内镜检查还能判定肿瘤的范围和发现粘膜下转移。故为食道癌诊断的决定性手段。二、食道癌的X线诊断:应用胃肠道双重对比造影,亦可发现早期食道癌,能判定肿瘤大小及其生长方式。此法在诊断早期食道癌特别重要。由于大部 1. Endoscopy: Endoscopy can accurately diagnose esophageal wall abnormalities through selective biopsy specimens. In addition to performing histological identification, endoscopy can also determine the extent of the tumor and discover submucosal metastases. Therefore, it is a decisive measure for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Second, the X-ray diagnosis of esophageal cancer: the application of double contrast gastrointestinal tract, can also be found in early esophageal cancer, can determine the tumor size and growth patterns. This method is particularly important in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer. Because of most