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由2篇论文组成的系列文章旨在研究广域闭环控制系统(wide-area closed-loop control system，WACS)中时延的测量方法及其特性建模。该文作为系列文章的第1篇，研究WACS中的时延产生，将WACS时延归为通信时延和操作时延两大类并分别研究。针对通信时延，提出一种线性估计模型，继而实测并分析贵州电网广域测量系统的通信时延，验证该线性估计模型的正确性。针对操作时延，分析实验室条件下WACS 设备的操作时延，提出基于RTDS 硬件在环平台的波形对比测量法，并用此方法实测WACS 硬件在环系统中的操作时延。分析结果表明，实验室条件下操作时延可以用正态分布拟合其分布特性。该文对时延的分析及测试结果是研究WACS 闭环时延的重要基础。“,”This two-part paper aims to study the characteristics and characterization for the delays in a wide-area closed-loop control system (WACS). In the first part, the delays were studied basing on the structure and information flow of the WACS, and they were divided into the communication delays and the operational delays. For the communication delay, an affine evaluation model was presented. The communication delays of the WAMS in Guizhou Power Grid was also measured and analyzed, and the affine evaluation model was verified by these results. For the operational delay, a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) hardware-in-the-loop measurement method was proposed, and the operational delays were measured and analyzed using this method. The results indicate that, a normal distribution fits for the characterization of the operational delay in laboratory. The measured results and analysis presented in this paper are important for the research on the closed-loop delays of WACS.