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2006—2010年,全国玉米栽培学组专家在全国不同区域开展了玉米高产潜力探索及小面积超高产创建工作。本文对经过严格测产且产量达到和超过15000kghm-2的159个地块的地理分布、产量构成因素及关键技术分析表明:(1)大多数高产田分布在较高纬度(40°～43°N)、较高海拔(1000～1500m)地区,这些地区具有昼夜温差大、光照充足等利于高产的自然因素,选择这样的区域是实现超高产的重要因素;(2)平均单产16692kghm-2,88950穗hm-2、每穗541粒,千粒重360.0g,穗粒重191.8g;通径分析表明,穗数和粒数对产量的贡献最大;(3)高产关键技术主要是,采用耐密型高产稳产品种,合理提高密度,充足的水肥供给,科学管理和地膜覆盖等。
From 2006 to 2010, the National Corn Cultivation Group experts conducted exploration on the potential of high yield of corn and creation of small area and super high yield in different regions of the country. In this paper, the geographical distribution, yield components and key technical analysis of 159 plots that have undergone strict production testing and have reached 15000 kghm-2 and above have shown that: (1) Most high-yield plots distribute at higher latitudes (40 ° -43 ° N) and higher altitudes (1000 ~ 1500m). These areas have the natural factors of large day and night temperature difference and sufficient light to yield. The selection of such areas is an important factor for achieving super-high yield. (2) The average yield is 16692 kghm-2, 88950 spike hm-2, 541 spikelets per ear, 360.0g spikelet weight and 191.8g spike grain weight. Path analysis showed that the spike number and grain number had the greatest contribution to the yield. (3) High and stable yield varieties, a reasonable increase in density, adequate supply of water and fertilizer, scientific management and mulching and so on.