土壤侵蚀类型以面蚀、淋溶侵蚀以及沟蚀为主，并有少量重力侵蚀，主要发生在运河以南的山区及山前平原区。水土流失造成土壤肥力下降，土体结构变坏，土层变薄，从而制约着区域经济可持续发展。防治对策是，广泛宣传，加强监督机制；实行封山育林，全面开展小流域综合治理；引进竞争机制，加快“四荒”治理开发。 The types of soil erosion are mainly surface erosion, leaching erosion and gully erosion with a small amount of gravity erosion, mainly occurring in the mountainous areas and the piedmont plain areas south of the canal. Soil and water loss causes decline of soil fertility, deterioration of soil structure and thinning of soil layers, which restrict the sustainable development of regional economy. Prevention and control measures are widely publicized to strengthen the monitoring mechanism; the implementation of closing hillsides for afforestation, the comprehensive development of small watershed comprehensive management; the introduction of competition mechanisms to speed up the “four shortage” governance development.