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硫脲类抗甲状腺药物具有抑制甲状腺激素生成的作用,临床上用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进症。常见的硫脲类抗甲状腺药物有丙硫氧嘧啶和甲巯咪唑。其不良反应包括药疹、粒细胞缺乏症、严重肝损伤、抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎等,并有一定的致畸作用。严重肝损伤和ANCA相关性血管炎的发生多与丙硫氧嘧啶有关,致畸作用主要见于甲巯咪唑。儿童和非妊娠期甲状腺功能亢进症患者的治疗首选甲巯咪唑,妊娠和哺乳期患者首选丙硫氧嘧啶。防治硫脲类抗甲状腺药物不良反应的措施包括:合理用药、定期监测、出现不良反应及时停药,以及对症治疗。
Thiourea antithyroid drugs have the role of inhibiting thyroid hormone production, clinically used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Common thiourea antithyroid drugs are propylthiouracil and methimazole. The adverse reactions include drug eruption, agranulocytosis, severe liver injury, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) -associated vasculitis, and have some teratogenic effects. Severe liver injury and ANCA-related vasculitis occurred more with propylthiouracil, teratogenic effects mainly seen in methimazole. Preferred Methimazole for Children and Non-Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism, and Propylthiouracil for Pregnancy and Lactation. Prevention and treatment of thiourea antithyroid drugs adverse reactions include: rational drug use, regular monitoring, timely withdrawal of adverse reactions, and symptomatic treatment.