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近代抗结核药的发现迄今只有30多年的历史,大多是用生物学方法或半合成方法提制的抗菌素或人工合成的有机化合物,其主要作用是破坏或干扰结核杆菌的代谢过程,从而直接杀灭之,或抑制其生长、繁殖。其中在临床上已普遍用于结核病,并有显著疗效者有异烟肼、链霉素、对氨水杨酸钠、甲哌力复霉素(利福平)、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺、卡那霉素、卷曲霉素、乙(或丙)硫异烟胺、氨硫脲等。应用抗结核药物治疗结核病的方法就叫做结核病的化学疗法(Chemotherapy),简称化疗。
The discovery of modern anti-TB drugs has so far only been over 30 years old. Most of them are antibiotics or synthetic organic compounds prepared by biological methods or semi-synthetic methods. Their main function is to destroy or interfere with the metabolic process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, so as to directly kill Off, or inhibit their growth and reproduction. Which has been clinically used for tuberculosis, and there are significant effects of isoniazid, streptomycin, sodium ammonia sulfonate, mellivycin (rifampicin), ethambutol, pyrazinamide , Kanamycin, capreomycin, B (or C) sulphate, thiourea and the like. The application of anti-tuberculosis drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis is called tuberculosis chemotherapy (Chemotherapy), referred to as chemotherapy.