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作者对原产我国的野生菊5种和1变种、杂交种‘北京菊’1种(7个品种)、栽培菊21个品种进行了染色体数目和核型的比较观察。结果表明:香叶菊(Dendranthema boreale)和菊花脑(D.nankingense)为二倍体(2n=2x=18);西安野菊(D.indicum)、黄山野菊(D.indicum)、济南尖叶野菊(D.indicum var.acutum)、小红菊(D.erubescens)和北京菊(D.pekinense)均为四倍体(2n=4x=36);黄山紫花野菊(D.zawadskii)为六倍体(2n=6x=54);栽培菊(D.morifolium)品种多为六倍体至接近八倍体或异数多倍体(2n=52～71)。 作者还对上述种的核型特征进行了描述和比较,对部分种的小孢子母细胞减数分裂进行了初步观察,最后对上述种的倍性及核型的进化趋势进行了讨论。
The authors observed the number of chromosomes and karyotypes of 5 varieties and 1 varieties of wild chrysanthemum native to China, 1 species (7 varieties) of hybrids ’Beijing Chrysanthemum’ and 21 cultivated species of chrysanthemum. The results showed that: Dendranthema boreale and D. nankingense were diploid (2n = 2x = 18); D.indicum, D.indicum, D.indicum var.acutum, D.erubescens and D.pekinense were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36); D. zwadskii was hexaploid 2n = 6x = 54). The varieties of D.morifolium were mostly hexaploid to nearly octaploid or alien polyploid (2n = 52-71). The authors also described and compared the karyotype characteristics of the above species, and made preliminary observations on the meiosis of microspore mother cells in some species. Finally, the ploidy and karyotype evolution trend of these species were discussed.