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传统观点认为,尽管工会可改善会员的福利,但总的来说工会对社会经济的发展也存在负面作用;与之相对的观点他们认为,工会对生产率的提高存在积极影响。如果单纯运用新古典经济学理论,即在忽略市场中的交易成本和人力资本专用性的条件下,工会的存在会降低整体的社会效率。然而,实际市场中的交易费用并不为零,且存在人力资本专用性投资的情况,工会的存在是有意义的。它限制企业内部劳动力市场交易中可能出现的管理者机会主义行为,进而增进社会整体交易效率。
According to the traditional view, while trade unions can improve the welfare of their members, the trade unions, on the whole, also have a negative effect on social and economic development. In contrast, they hold the view that trade unions have a positive impact on productivity growth. If purely neoclassical economic theory is used, that is, under the condition of ignoring transaction costs and human capital specificity in the market, the existence of unions will reduce the overall social efficiency. However, the actual transaction costs in the market are not zero, and there is a case of special investment in human capital. The existence of a trade union makes sense. It restricts opportunistic behavior of managers that may arise in intra-firm labor market transactions, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of transactions in society.