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新古典经济理论认为,劳动力从欠发达地区向发达地区迁移会导致显著的收敛效果,但国外的经验研究表明,有些国家的区域间劳动力迁移缩小了地区差距,而有些国家劳动力迁移反而扩大了地区差距,对这一经济理论与实证研究结果的矛盾(“迁移谜题”)目前还缺乏很好的解释。本文在新经济地理学的框架下通过引入资本的外部性、劳动力的不完全流动性以及城市经济学中的拥挤效应,建立了一个两区域经济增长模型,证明了由于存在“资本追逐劳动”的现象,区域间的劳动力迁移可能缩小、也可能扩大地区差距,这主要取决于资本的外部性和拥挤效应的相对大小,以及农村和城镇居民的技能差异,从而为“迁移谜题”提供了一个较合理的理论解释。本文的模型说明劳动力流动并不一定能自动缩小地区差距,因此政府必须采取进一步的积极措施促进区域协调发展。
Neoclassical economic theory holds that labor migration from underdeveloped areas to developed areas will lead to significant convergence effect. However, empirical studies abroad show that regional labor migration in some countries has narrowed the regional disparity, while labor migration in some countries has instead expanded the area The gap between this economic theory and the empirical findings ( “migration puzzle ”) is still a lack of good explanation. In the framework of the new economic geography through the introduction of external capital, liquidity and incomplete crowding urban economics in the labor force, the establishment of a two regional economic growth model, demonstrated by the presence of “capital chasing labor ”The phenomenon of regional labor migration may be reduced, it may also expand the regional disparity, which depends on the relative size of the external capital and congestion effects, as well as rural and urban residents skills differences, in order to“ migrate the puzzle ”Provides a more reasonable theoretical explanation. The model in this paper shows that labor mobility does not necessarily reduce the regional disparity automatically. Therefore, the government must take further positive measures to promote the coordinated development of the region.