一 创作目的论:明劝戒著升沉 翻开我国古代画史、画论著述,几乎无不强调绘画的社会功能——明劝戒、著升沉,评价作品的好坏,也首先看它的社会效果,即使对山水、花鸟画的评价,同样要看它们能否给人以有益的启示。南齐谢赫《古画品录》序言开宗明义:“夫画品者,盖众画之优劣也。图绘者,莫不明劝戒、著升沉,千载寂寥,披图可鉴。”唐张彦远《历代名画记》亦云:“夫画者,成教化,助人伦,穷神变,测幽微,与六籍同功,四时并运。”至北宋后期,文人画已逐渐取得主导地位,大多数文人强调作画要抒发主观感情,即使如此,《图画见 A creation of teleology: Ming exhorted to open up the history of ancient Chinese painting, painting theory, almost all emphasize the social function of painting - Ming exhort, ups and downs, evaluation of works is good or bad, but also look at it Social effects, even if the evaluation of landscapes, flowers and birds, also depends on whether they can give useful inspiration. Nan Qi Qi Sheikh “Ancient Pictorial Record,” Preface to the opening of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: “Fu who draw, the cover of the pros and cons of the public also painted. Persuasive persuasion, rising, thousands of loneliness, Phraya. Kam Zhang Yanyuan ”Famous Paintings in All Dynasties“ also said: ”The painter and the artist have become more and more educated, help the benevolence, become poor and change their lives, Most writers emphasized that painting should express subjective feelings. Even so, "Pictures see