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1.前言铁道车辆的轮轴支承车辆的重量,通过车轮踏面和钢轨间的摩擦传递牵引力和制动力,并由车轮轮缘导向使车辆沿钢轨运行,这是轮轴对于车辆所具有的三种基本功能。轮轴由车轮、车轴、轴承等构成,其中车轴的损坏将直接造成脱轨等重大事故,因而要求有高的可靠性。 2.材料及热处理在国铁一般使用正火车轴。电力机车、内燃机车、高速内燃动车及新干线电动车组则使用疲劳强度高的高频淬火车轴。车轴的材质是锻造炭素钢AFA55,SFA60,要求有更高可靠性的新干线电动车组的车轴使用了炭素结构钢S38C。这几种材料的机械性能和化学成分详见表1、表2。
1. INTRODUCTION The axle of a railway vehicle supports the weight of the vehicle and transmits traction and braking force through the friction between the wheel tread and the rail and is guided by the wheel rim to run the vehicle along the rail. This is the three basic functions that the axle has for the vehicle . Axle from the wheels, axles, bearings and other components, of which the axle damage will directly lead to derailment and other major accidents, requiring high reliability. 2. Materials and heat treatment are normally used in the National Railway normal train axles. Electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, high-speed diesels and Shinkansen EMUs use high-frequency quenched axles with high fatigue strength. The axle is made of carbon steel AFA55, SFA60 for forged carbon steel, and carbon steel S38C is used for the axles of Shinkansen EMUs requiring higher reliability. The mechanical properties and chemical composition of these materials are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.