目的了解北京和重庆市育龄期妇女风疹抗体水平,为控制先天性风疹综合征(CRS)提供科学依据。方法2006年6~8月随机抽取北京和重庆市各1个区作为调查点,对20~39岁育龄期妇女623人(北京市311人,重庆市312人)进行血清流行病学调查。结果北京和重庆市育龄期妇女风疹抗体阳性率分别为85.21%和78.53%,自然感染获得抗体阳性率分别为85.08%和77.89%;风疹抗体分布与年龄、地区有关,随着年龄的增长抗体阳性率和几何平均浓度有下降的趋势。结论制定科学的风疹疫苗使用策略和免疫程序,提高育龄期妇女的免疫力,是减少CRS发病的有效手段。 Objective To understand the level of rubella antibody in women of childbearing age in Beijing and Chongqing and provide scientific basis for the control of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Methods A total of 623 women of childbearing age from 20 to 39 years old (311 in Beijing and 312 in Chongqing) were enrolled in this study from June to August in 2006. Results The positive rates of rubella antibodies in women of childbearing age in Beijing and Chongqing were 85.21% and 78.53% respectively. The positive rates of antibodies against natural infection were 85.08% and 77.89% respectively. The distribution of rubella antibodies was related to age and region, Rate and geometric mean concentration have a downward trend. Conclusion It is an effective way to reduce the incidence of CRS by formulating a scientific rubella vaccine use strategy and immunization program to improve the immunity of women of childbearing age.