论文部分内容阅读
美国ENT J 60(8):345～380,1981为喉创伤专号,连同绪论共有论著6篇。本文是其综译。原编者Seid AB指出,喉创伤在临床上并不少见,而不及时处理可导致死亡,应引起注意。【喉解剖】Richardson称,喉创伤常因年龄和创伤的类型而表现各异。喉返神经在环甲关节后方人喉,此处在喉部受撞击伤时易致挤压或破裂伤。三岁以下婴幼儿的喉与成人相似而又有不同:(1)婴幼儿气道以环状软骨平面最为狭小,使喉呈漏斗状,少年和成人则以声门处最狭小;(2)新生儿环状软骨下缘平第四颈椎,随成长而渐下降,至成人位于接近第七颈椎;(3)婴幼儿喉气管富弹性,甲状软骨和环状软骨在成人前均无钙化;环状软骨呈海绵状,喉支持韧带亦未很好形成仅为膜状联接,不易破裂或撕脱;(4)婴幼儿喉的位置比成人高,且后倾与舌根成锐角。
The United States ENT J60 (8): 345 ~ 380,1981 for laryngeal injury specialist, together with the introduction of a total of six articles. This article is its translation. The original editor Seid AB pointed out that laryngeal trauma is not uncommon in the clinic, but not timely treatment can lead to death, should be noted. Laryngeal Anatomy Richardson reports that laryngeal trauma often varies depending on the type of age and type of trauma. Recurrent laryngeal nerve in the cava behind the human throat, where the throat injury easily lead to crush or crush injury. The throat of infants under the age of three are similar to and different from adults: (1) infants and young children have a narrow annular cricoid plane with a funnel-shaped throat and a juvenile and adult with the narrowest glottis; (2) neonates The lower edge of the annular cartilage flat fourth cervical vertebra, with the growth and decline gradually, to adults located close to the seventh cervical vertebra; (3) infant laryngotracheal elasticity, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage in adults without calcification; annular cartilage spongy, laryngeal support Ligament also not well formed only for the membrane-shaped connection, not easy to rupture or avulsion; (4) infant throat position higher than adults, and lean and tongue base at an acute angle.