使用《小学生自然常识学习情况调查问卷》调查了中国、日本和澳大利亚共2943名四年级小学生。通过卡方检验分析了三国小学生在自然常识的学习、在校参加自然常识活动、课外辅导与作业布置和课外活动安排四方面的差异,探讨产生差异的原因并提出相应的建议和对策。 A total of 2943 fourth graders from China, Japan and Australia were surveyed using the Questionnaire for Learning Natural Conditions of Primary School Students. Through the chi-square test, we analyzed the differences among the students of the three countries in learning natural common sense, participating in common sense activities at school, arranging after-school tutoring and assignments, and arranging extracurricular activities in schools. The reasons for the differences were also discussed and corresponding suggestions and countermeasures were put forward.