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为了推动生物质产业链,进一步开发生物质能,从而充分有效地利用农林有机废弃物,通过微波裂解稻壳制得稻壳炭,用化学活化法制备高品质的活性炭。采用碱溶法(NaOH)除去稻壳炭中SiO2,固体碳通过化学活化法来制备高质量活性炭。选取活化剂质量比、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间4个因素,每个因素三水平,通过正交试验对最佳活化剂制备活性炭的工艺条件进行优化,提高稻壳的综合利用率。以碘吸附值为主要品质衡量指标。通过单因素和正交实验确定最佳活化工艺条件为以氢氧化钠作为活化剂,炭碱比为1:2,活化温度为700℃、活化时间为2 h,浸渍时间为24 h,稻壳活性炭的碘吸附值为965.22 mg/g,超过了净水用活性炭的国家二级品指标,而亚甲基蓝吸附值为148.50 mg/g,达到了净水用活性炭的国家一级品标准。
In order to promote the biomass industry chain, further develop biomass energy, make full and effective use of organic wastes in agriculture and forestry, make rice husk charcoal by microwave cracking rice husk and prepare high quality activated carbon by chemical activation. Alkali solution (NaOH) was used to remove SiO2 and solid carbon from rice hull carbon to prepare high quality activated carbon by chemical activation. The factors such as mass ratio of the activator, immersion time, activation temperature and activation time were selected. Three factors were selected to optimize the process conditions for the preparation of activated carbon from the optimal activator by orthogonal test, so as to improve the comprehensive utilization ratio of rice husk. Iodine adsorption value as the main quality measure. Through the single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimal activation conditions were sodium hydroxide as activator, the ratio of carbon to base was 1: 2, the activation temperature was 700 ℃, the activation time was 2 h and the impregnation time was 24 h. The iodine adsorption value of activated carbon was 965.22 mg / g, which exceeded the national secondary product index of activated carbon for water purification and the methylene blue adsorption value was 148.50 mg / g, which reached the national first-class product standard of activated carbon for water purification.