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植物有性繁殖与资源分配的关系研究对于揭示植物生活史特征及繁育系统进化具有重要意义。新疆郁金香(Tulipa sinkiangensis)是新疆天山北坡荒漠带特有的一种多年生早春短命植物。在自然生境中,该物种仅以有性繁殖产生后代,每株能产生1-8朵花,且不同植株上的花数及果实数以及花序不同位置上的花与果实大小明显不同。本文通过对新疆郁金香有性繁殖与营养生长及植株大小的关系以及花序中不同位置花及果实间的资源分配研究,旨在揭示营养生长、个体大小及开花次序对其繁殖分配的影响。结果表明:在开花和果实成熟阶段,新疆郁金香植株分配给营养器官(鳞茎和地上营养器官)与繁殖器官的资源间均存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),说明其植株的营养生长与生殖生长间存在权衡关系。多花是新疆郁金香的一个稳定性状,其植株上花数目、花生物量、果实生物量和种子数量与植株生物量间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),说明新疆郁金香植株的繁殖分配存在大小依赖性。在具2-5朵花的新疆郁金香植株中,花序内各花的生物量、花粉数和胚珠数、结实率、果实生物量、结籽数、结籽率及种子百粒重按其开花顺序依次递减,说明花序内各花和果实的资源分配符合资源竞争假说。植株通过减少晚发育的花或果实获得的资源来保障早发育的花或果实获得较多的资源,从而达到繁殖成功。
Research on the relationship between sexual reproduction and resource allocation of plants has important significance in revealing the characteristics of plant life history and the evolution of breeding systems. Tulipa sinkiangensis (Xinjiang Tulipa sinkiangensis) is a perennial early spring ephemeral plant endemic to the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang. In natural habitats, the species only produces offspring with sexual reproduction, yielding 1-8 flowers per plant, and the numbers of flowers and fruits on different plants and the flower and fruit size at different positions on the inflorescence are significantly different. In this paper, the relationship between sexual reproduction, vegetative growth and plant size of tulip in Xinjiang and the distribution of flowers and fruits at different positions in inflorescence were studied in order to reveal the effects of vegetative growth, individual size and flowering order on reproductive allocation. The results showed that there were extremely significant negative correlations between the distribution of vegetative organs (bulb and aboveground vegetative organs) and the organs of reproductive organs in the flowering and fruit ripening stages (P <0.01), indicating that their vegetative growth There is a trade-off between reproductive growth and reproductive growth. Multi-flowering is a stable character of tulip in Xinjiang. The number of flowering plants, flower biomass, fruit biomass, seed number and plant biomass had a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) Reproductive allocation is size dependent. In tulip plants with 2-5 flowers, the biomass, the number of pollen, the number of ovules, the seed setting rate, the fruit biomass, the number of seeds, the seed yield, and the seed weight of each flower in the inflorescence were in the order of flowering Followed by decreasing, indicating that the inflorescence of flowers and fruits of the resource allocation in line with the resource competition hypothesis. Plants can secure more resources for early development of flowers or fruits by reducing the resources obtained from late-developing flowers or fruits to achieve reproductive success.