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近年来,传统传染病卷土重来,新发传染病威胁加重,人兽共患病逐年增多,特别是禽流感、口蹄疫、非典型性肺炎、疯牛病、副黏病毒、狂犬病及多种虫媒病毒病等。疫情席卷而至,传播迅速、死亡率高,给畜牧业生产、国内外贸易和人类健康,造成空前打击和严重威胁。另表明,从20世纪70年代以来,新发现的拉沙热、埃博拉出血热、马尔堡出血热等诸多侵袭人类的病毒病,其疫源均追查到动物。现在已知的200多种动物传染病中,至少有170多种可以传染给人,这就是所谓的人兽共患病。实际上人兽共患病远不止此数,每年均有新出现和新补充的人兽患病。全球一个共同的问题是人类越来越面临着动物病原的威胁,如 SARS 和艾滋病等的研究结果发现,病原溯源均与动物有关。高致病性禽流感原本只感染家禽,如今,不仅能使水禽高度感染并能导致严重死亡,而且感染哺乳动物和人,并引起死亡。随着环境、气候和生态的变化,某些病原很易突破种间屏障,经自然感染宿主或直接感染人群,给人类造成的威胁越来越大。因此,科学防控人兽共患病迫在眉睫。金宁一(中国畜牧兽医学会动物传染病学分会)未来人兽共患病防控建设应从以下几方面着手。1.人兽共患病、动物疫病综合防治研究体系建设。立足现有工作基础和技术平台,密切结合目前给我国畜牧业和卫生健康危害严重的烈性动物传染病,以及
In recent years, with the return of traditional infectious diseases, the threat of emerging infectious diseases has increased and the number of zoonoses has increased year by year, especially bird flu, foot-and-mouth disease, atypical pneumonia, mad cow disease, paramyxovirus, rabies and various arbovirus diseases . The epidemic swept through with rapid spread and high mortality rates, which have posed unprecedented strikes and serious threats to animal husbandry, domestic and foreign trade and human health. The other shows that since the 1970s, the newly discovered virus such as Lassa fever, Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Marburg haemorrhagic fever and many other human-caused virus diseases have been traced to animals. Of the more than 200 animal infectious diseases now known, at least 170 can be transmitted to humans, which is called zoonosis. In fact, far more than this number of zoonoses, each year there are new and newly added human beings sick. A common global problem is that humans are increasingly facing the threat of animal pathogens. Studies such as SARS and AIDS have found that traceability of pathogens is related to animals. HPAI was originally infected with poultry and today it not only makes waterfowls highly infected and can result in serious deaths but also in mammals and humans and causes death. With the change of environment, climate and ecology, some pathogens are easy to break interspecies barriers. The threat posed to humans by natural infection of host or direct infection of the population is increasing. Therefore, scientific prevention and control zoonosis imminent. Jin Ningyi (Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Animal Zoology Branch) future zoonosis prevention and control construction should start from the following aspects. 1. Zoonoses, animal disease comprehensive prevention and control research system. Based on the existing work foundation and technology platform, we should closely integrate the poultry epidemic diseases that currently present serious threats to animal husbandry and health in China, and