莫斯科近郊开采有益矿体的特点是矿层埋藏稳定,厚度不大,埋藏较浅。允许采用最经济和高效的露天开采法进行全采。露天矿内,开采矿体时以运输开采方法加剥离岩石内部捣堆占绝对优势。但本区最大的经营开采和加工的“磷酸盐”联合采矿企业,则用绳斗式电铲、扒斗机和堆土机逐次扒平其坑内排土场,就会极大地破坏地表。这就提出了降低环境有害影响的课题。以在国民经济中长远利用土地为目标而复垦开采破坏的土地,是在莫斯科近郊的采矿企业中解决恢复生态平衡的途径。采动含水资源时,就要建造适宜于经 Beneficial ore bodies mined in the outskirts of Moscow are characterized by stable burial deposits, small thickness and shallow burial. Allows mining to be carried out using the most economical and efficient open pit mining method. In open-pit mines, exploitation of ore bodies by means of transportation and extraction and peel piling inside the rocks account for an absolute advantage. However, the largest “phosphate” joint mining enterprise that operates mining and processing in the area will have to use flat-bottomed shovels, pickpockets and graders to level out the ditches in the pit, which will greatly damage the surface. This raises the issue of reducing the harmful effects of the environment. Land reclamation damaged by mining for the long-term use of land in the national economy is a solution to the restoration of ecological balance among mining enterprises in the suburbs of Moscow. Mining water resources, it is necessary to build suitable for the economy