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目的分析莱芜市莱城区居民膳食钠摄入和排出及其与性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况的关系。方法 2011年6月,以18~69岁常驻居民83人为研究对象,以连续72 h膳食回顾和调味品称重相结合的方法获取膳食钠摄入数据。按标准留取24 h尿标本,检测尿钾、尿钠含量和尿钠钾比值。计量资料采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,变量不服从正态分布时采用秩和检验,采用Pearson双变量进行相关性分析,变量非正态分布时采用Spearman非参数检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究对象平均每标准人日摄入钠(6 318.73±2 660.98)mg,男性膳食钠(盐)摄入量高于女性,差异无统计学意义(t=1.121,P>0.05);不同年龄组摄入量差异无统计学意义(F=2.965,P>0.05);文化程度在大专及以上居民钠(盐)摄入量远低于其他两组,且与初中或高中文化程度居民摄入量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同经济状况居民钠(盐)摄入量差异有统计学意义(F=4.904,P<0.05)。18~69岁居民24 h尿钠均值为(234.33±69.16)mmol,24 h尿钾均值为(32.17±21.71)mmol,钠钾比均值为9.15±4.39。24 h尿钠男性高于女性,差异无统计学意义(t=1.929,P>0.05);24 h尿钾男性低于女性,差异无统计学意义(t=0.192,P>0.05);24 h尿钠钾比男性低于女性,差异无统计学意义(t=0.030,P>0.05);不同年龄组间24 h尿钠水平差异有统计学意义(F=5.868,P<0.05);各年龄组不同性别24 h尿钠、尿钾的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。文化程度在大专及以上居民24 h尿钠、24 h尿钾、钠钾比低于其他两组,差异均无统计学意义(F=1.864、0.135、0.812,均P>0.05)。不同经济状况居民24 h尿钠、24 h尿钾、钠钾比差异均无统计学意义(F=0.287、0.487、0.294,均P>0.05)。居民膳食钠与24 h尿钠呈正相关(r=0.228,P<0.05),膳食钠与24 h尿钾不相关(r=0.079,P>0.05)。结论莱芜市莱城区居民膳食钠摄入量较高,钾摄入量不足,调味品是钠的主要来源。年龄、文化程度和经济状况是膳食钠的摄入量和24 h尿钠钾的影响因素。
Objective To analyze the dietary intake and discharge of dietary sodium and its relationship with gender, age, education level and economic status in LaiCheng City, Laiwu City. Methods In June 2011, 83 residents resident aged 18-69 years were enrolled in this study. Dietary sodium intake data were obtained by a combination of 72-hour dietary review and condiment weighing. 24 h urinary samples were taken according to the standard, urinary potassium, urinary sodium and urinary sodium-potassium ratio were measured. The t test was used to measure the data, one-way ANOVA was used to compare the multiple groups, the rank sum test was used when the variables did not obey the normal distribution, and the Pearson bivariate was used to analyze the correlation. Spearman’s nonparametric test was used to measure the non-normal distribution, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The average intake of sodium (6 318.73 ± 2 660.98) mg per person per day for the study subjects was higher than that for the male dietary intake of sodium (t = 1.121, P 0.05) There was no significant difference in group intake (F = 2.965, P> 0.05). The intake of sodium in college education and above was significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P <0.05). There was significant difference in sodium (salt) intake among residents with different economic status (F = 4.904, P <0.05). The urinary sodium mean was (234.33 ± 69.16) mmol 24 ± h at 18 ~ 69 years old, 24.17 ± 21.71 mmol / L at 24 h, 9.15 ± 4.39.24 h, (T = 1.929, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in urinary potassium levels at 24 hours (t = 0.192, P> 0.05) (F = 5.868, P <0.05). There were no significant differences in urinary sodium and urinary potassium in 24 hrs of different sexes among different age groups (t = 0.030, P> 0.05) The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in urinary sodium, 24 h urinary potassium and sodium-potassium ratio among college students and above residents with educational level of 24 h (F = 1.864,0.135,0.812, all P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in 24 h urinary sodium, 24 h urinary potassium, sodium and potassium ratio among residents with different economic status (F = 0.287, 0.487 and 0.294, all P> 0.05). Dietary sodium was positively correlated with 24 h urinary sodium (r = 0.228, P <0.05). There was no correlation between dietary sodium and 24 h urinary potassium (r = 0.079, P> 0.05). Conclusions Laicheng City, Laiwu City residents dietary sodium intake is high, potassium intake is inadequate, condiments are the main source of sodium. Age, educational level and economic status are the factors that affect dietary sodium intake and 24-hour urine sodium-potassium.