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目的探讨儿童直立性低血压(OH)的性别和年龄差异。方法选取2000年1月-2010年5月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥、头痛、头晕的患儿1 158例。年龄3.1～17.0(10.72±2.80)岁;男597例,女561例。经直立倾斜试验(HUTT)诊断为OH的患儿45例。将45例OH患儿分为≥12岁组与<12岁组,分析2组HUTT的阳性率、OH病程、平卧后站立位3 min内舒张压及收缩压下降量的年龄和性别差异。结果 1.HUTT阳性率为3.88%(45/1 158例),男女间HUTT阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.584,P>0.05),≥12岁组与<12岁组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.631,P>0.05)。2.病程:<12岁组病程为0.03～60.00(8.13±14.06)个月,男女比较差异无统计学意义[(4.77±7.86)个月vs(10.59±17.10)个月;t=0.634,P>0.05];≥12岁组OH病程为0.30～72.00(20.10±22.20)个月,男女比较差异无统计学意义[(16.55±1.80)个月vs(26.03±2.87)个月;t=0.273,P>0.05]。<12岁组与≥12岁组病程比较差异无统计学意义[(8.73±16.07)个月vs(20.11±22.20)个月,t=1.932,P>0.05]。3.血压下降量:HUTT 3 min内收缩压和舒张压的下降量在<12岁组与≥12岁组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.495、0.079,Pa>0.05),<12岁组男女间差异无统计学意义(t=0.019、1.730,Pa>0.05),≥12岁组男女间比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.364、0.843,Pa>0.05)。结论 OH的诊断率、病程、3 min血压下降量在儿童不存在年龄和性别差异。
Objective To investigate the gender and age differences of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in children. Methods A total of 1 158 cases of children with unexplained syncope, headache and dizziness were selected from January 2000 to May 2010 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The age ranged from 3.1 to 17.0 (10.72 ± 2.80) years; 597 males and 561 females. Forty-five children with OH diagnosed by Hip-tilt test (HUTT). 45 cases of OH children were divided into ≥12 years old group and <12 years old group. The positive rates of HUTT, OH course, diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure drop in age and gender differences within 3 min after supine position were analyzed. The positive rate of HUTT was 3.88% (45/1 158). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HUTT between male and female (χ2 = 0.584, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between 12 and 12 years old group Statistical significance (χ2 = 0.631, P> 0.05). The duration of disease ranged from 0.03 to 60.00 (8.13 ± 14.06) months in the 12-year-old group. There was no significant difference between men and women (4.77 ± 7.86 months vs 10.59 ± 17.10 months, t = 0.634, P > 0.05]. The OH duration of ≥12 years old group was 0.30 ~ 72.00 (20.10 ± 22.20) months, there was no significant difference between men and women (16.55 ± 1.80 months vs 26.03 ± 2.87 months, t = 0.273, P> 0.05]. There was no significant difference in duration of disease between 12-year-old group and 12-year-old group (8.73 ± 16.07 months vs 20.11 ± 22.20 months, t = 1.932, P> 0.05). The decrease of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure within 3 min of HUTT There was no significant difference between the 12-year-old group and the 12-year-old group (t = 1.495, 0.079, Pa> 0.05) There was no significant difference between male and female (t = 0.019,1.730, Pa> 0.05). There was no significant difference between male and female ≥12 years old group (t = 0.364,0.843, Pa> 0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis rate of OH, duration of disease, blood pressure drop of 3 min in children does not exist age and gender differences.