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近年来,我们在重庆市发现一种平菇细菌性病害,菇房中发病率高达40%左右,严重影响着食用菌事业的发展.1989～1991年,笔者等从病害症状、病原、特征等方面进行了初探.1 病原1.1 病原分离用常规分离法从发病组织分离、纯化的菌株,按柯赫氏法则,确证所获菌株为致病菌.1.2病原菌的特征、特性菌株染色为革兰氏阴性,杆状、大小为0.4～0.5×0.8～1.5μm,周鞭毛,无芽孢,胞内原生质均匀.在牛肉膏蛋白质培养基上形成圆形、光滑、边缘完整的菌落.菌落半透明、浅黄色、直径为1.5μm.在液体培养基中形成菌膜和沉淀、培养液混浊.好氧,在葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和甘露醇中不产酸和气,接触酶阴性.V·P和M·R反应阴性,还原硝酸盐,2周内水解明胶,不水解淀粉、酪素、酪氨酸、不产生尿酶.能利用柠檬酸盐和丙酸盐.可以从石蕊牛奶、蛋白胨中产出碱.生长温度范围为10～40℃,最适生长温度为20～30℃,在2%、5%的NaCl肉汤蛋自胨培养基中均可生长,在pH6以下停止生长直至死亡.
In recent years, we found a bacterial mushroom disease in Chongqing, mushroom house incidence as high as 40%, seriously affecting the development of edible fungi .1989 ~ 1991, the author from the disease symptoms, pathogens, features 1 Pathogen 1.1 Isolation of pathogens Isolation and purification of pathogens from the diseased tissue by routine isolation method, according to Koch’s law, confirm that the strains obtained are pathogens.1.2 Characteristics and characteristics of pathogens Strain is Gram’s stain Negative, rod-shaped, the size of 0.4 ~ 0.5 × 0.8 ~ 1.5μm, weeks flagella, sporeless, uniform intracellular protoplasts in the beef extract protein medium to form a round, smooth, complete edge of the colony. Colonies translucent, shallow Yellow, diameter of 1.5μm in the liquid medium in the formation of bacteria and sediment, culture medium turbidity aerobic, in glucose, xylose, arabinose and mannitol acid and gas are not generated, the contact enzyme-negative .V · P and M · R reaction negative, reducing nitrate, gelatin hydrolysis within 2 weeks, does not hydrolyze starch, casein, tyrosine, does not produce urease. Can take citrate and propionate. Can be from litmus milk, peptone The output of alkali growth temperature range of 10 ~ 40 ℃, Suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 30 ℃, 2%, 5% NaCl-peptone broth from the protein can be grown in culture, stop growing until death at pH6 or less.