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本文探讨了正式制度在发展、维护和破坏社会资本过程中的作用,并对阻碍正式制度发挥上述作用的三个因素进行了考察研究:(1)假设衔接关系必须是“弱连接”;(2)注重“路径依赖”而不是“路径选择”;(3)假设非正式制度产生于正式制度之前。根据新制度经济学的一种选择性分析方法,我们应重视正式制度的调节方式对不同群体获取或维持其社会资本的能力所具有的重要影响。一些负外部性因素为这种干预提供了正当性,即如果某些弱势群体没有能力去发展他们的粘结式(bonding)和桥接式(bridging)社会资本,则可以通过外力将这些社会资本累积到最大限额。在实践中,由美国农业部所赞助和支持的部落学院计划,便被视为推进社会弱势群体融入全球经济的一种社会资本发展模式。文章最后讨论了正式制度、社会资本的形成、自由民主与全球化之间的关系。
This paper explores the role of the formal system in the process of developing, maintaining and sabotaging social capital and examines and examines three factors that impede the formal system from playing its role: (1) assuming that the cohesion must be “weakly connected”; (2) focus on “path dependence” instead of “path selection”; (3) assume that the informal system precedes the formal system. According to an alternative analysis of new institutional economics, we should pay attention to the important influence of the formal system of adjustment on the ability of different groups to acquire or maintain their social capital. Some of the negative externalities justify such interventions, that is, if some disadvantaged groups are not capable of developing their bonding and bridging social capital, they can be externally accumulated To the maximum. In practice, the tribal college program, sponsored and supported by the USDA, is seen as a model of social capital that promotes the integration of the socially disadvantaged into the global economy. Finally, the article discusses the formal system, the formation of social capital, the relationship between liberal democracy and globalization.