托尔斯泰是一位有着强烈死亡情结的作家,多数评论家及托尔斯泰的研究者都认为1880年是其创作的分水岭。他从《三死》中惧怕死亡、逃避死亡的生命观发展成《伊万·伊里奇之死》中用爱来驱散死亡的阴影、以爱为基础的生命观,这种转变对他的以博爱为基础的幸福学说的建立产生了重要影响。 Tolstoy is a writer with a strong sense of death, and most critics and Tolstoy’s researchers agree that 1880 was a watershed in his creation. He developed his concept of life-threatening death from death in his “Three Deaths” into the shadow of love to disperse death in the death of Ivan I. Ilych, the concept of life based on love, Fraternity-based theory of happiness has had a significant impact on the establishment.