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从粗略统计来看,由于活塞功能不佳,国产机车柴油机的单位容积功率比引进的国外同类ND4、ND5型机车柴油机低20％,而且容易发生气缸拉伤、偏磨、敲缸振动、缸套穴蚀、活塞裂纹等问题,特别是第一道气环槽磨损过快促使活塞使用寿命缩短。这是柴油机的常见故障问题,是综合技术经济效果差的重要原因之一。现主要以几种机车柴油机(见一览表)为例,对活塞组在《公差与配合》标准选用中存在的一些问题进行粗浅分析。 1 活塞销与销孔精度 1.1 活塞销与销孔的《公差与配合》选择不当活塞销跟活塞销孔和连杆孔同时配合,而且它的中间部分跟连杆孔的配合比两端部跟活塞销孔的配合较松。如采用基孔制,则销呈中部
From a rough statistical point of view, due to poor piston function, domestic locomotive diesel engine unit volume power than imported similar foreign ND4, ND5 locomotive diesel engine 20% lower, and prone to cylinder strain, partial wear, knocking cylinder vibration, cylinder liner Cavitation, piston cracking and other issues, especially the first gas ring groove wear accelerated shortening the life of the piston. This is a common problem diesel engine is one of the important reasons for the poor economic performance of integrated technology. Now some of the main locomotive diesel engine (see list), for example, the piston group in the “tolerance and cooperation” standard selection of some problems in the shallow analysis. 1 Piston pin and pin hole accuracy 1.1 Piston pin and pin hole “tolerance and fit” improper selection Piston pin with piston pin hole and rod hole at the same time, and its middle part with the link hole with the ratio of the two ends with the Piston pin hole with loose. If the base hole system, the pin was in the middle