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AIM: To study the role of the myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion inthe hearing rehabilitation of the children with secretory otitis media(SOM).METHODS: Myringotomy and ventilation tube insertions were performed in56 children with chronic SOM. RESULTS: The pure-tone threshold average(PTA) of six months after operation in 50 cases(91 ears) was improvedsignificantly compared with the preoperative PTA( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The effectiverate of myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion was 92. 3%. CONCLU-SION: As a therapeutic method in the hearing rehabilitation of the childrenwith chronic SOM, the myringotomy and veptilation tube insertion should beused as primary surgical therapy.