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主体与选择是伦理学的基本概念,道德活动是主体价值选择的过程。道德选择是在不同价值准则的共存或冲突中进行的,价值冲突将主体推向不可避免的选择境地,在这种选择中显示出自己的主体性和道德性。道德选择必须依据一定的标准进行,这个标准是确定性与不确定性、主观性与客观性、功利性与超功利性的统一。道德选择是主体性的活动,因而是自由、自觉的活动,但它只有通过人的现实活动才能达到和实现,选择就是主体由不自由向自由的过渡,主体的选择自由同时也意味着主体的道德责任。
Subject and choice are the basic concepts of ethics. Moral activity is the process of the choice of subject value. Moral choice is carried out in the coexistence or conflict of different values. The conflict of values leads the subject to an unavoidable choice. It shows his own subjectivity and morality in this choice. Moral choice must be based on a certain standard, the standard is the unity of certainty and uncertainty, subjectivity and objectivity, utilitarian and super-utilitarian. Moral choice is a subjective activity and therefore a free and conscious activity. However, it can be achieved and realized only through the actual activities of human beings. The choice is the transition from the non-free to the free one. The freedom to choose the subject also means that the main Moral responsibility.