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为探讨交通事故中安全气囊爆炸对儿童颅脑损伤的影响,基于已构建的经过有效性验证的6岁儿童头部有限元(FE)模型,采用FE方法模拟气囊爆炸对离位(OOP)状态儿童乘员头部的冲击过程,研究不同离位距离对交通事故中儿童颅脑响应及其损伤机制。结果表明,随着离位儿童头部与气囊距离的减小,气囊爆炸导致儿童颅脑响应参数(如颅内压、脑组织Vonmises应力和剪应变)明显增加,儿童颅脑损伤程度加重。当离位儿童头部与气囊距离为15和20 cm时,气囊爆炸对离位儿童头部的撞击力不仅导致严重的颅脑损伤,而且还会造成儿童面骨骨折;当距离为30 cm时,头部接触力和头部损伤指标(HIC)值均较小,颅内压力和脑组织Vonmises应力应变均未达到颅脑损伤的阈值。
In order to explore the impact of airbag explosion on children’s brain injury in traffic accident, based on the FE model of 6-year-old children who have been validated, the FE method was used to simulate the state of OOP Children’s crew head impact process to study the different distance from the child’s brain in traffic accident response and its injury mechanism. The results showed that with the decrease of the distance between the head and air bag of children, the blast-induced airway explosion parameters such as intracranial pressure, Vonmises stress and shear strain of brain tissue increased significantly, and the degree of head injury in children increased. When the distance between the head and the balloon is 15 cm and 20 cm, the impact of the balloon explosion on the head of the displaced child not only leads to severe brain injury, but also causes fractures of the face in children. When the distance is 30 cm , Head contact force and head injury index (HIC) values were small, intracranial pressure and Vonmises stress and strain of brain tissue did not reach the threshold of brain injury.