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昆明城市化进程加快后,城市暴雨洪水特性发生了变化。利用昆明市城内及城郊水文、雨量代表站1971～2011年实测资料,分析了城内及城郊暴雨洪水的地域分布、时空尺度变化、季节变化、年际变化。结果表明,昆明城区局部暴雨发生频次增多,暴雨中心主要位于盘龙江上游甸尾河—西北沙河—昆明主城一带,高强度暴雨常集中于几十分钟内,10min降雨占60min降雨的23%～70%,1h降雨占24h降雨的30%～63%。受城市化发展影响,城区暴雨量值在1990年后呈递增趋势,最大1d降雨量尤为明显,洪水的时空分布、季节变化与暴雨基本一致。
After the urbanization of Kunming has been accelerated, the characteristics of urban storm flood have changed. Based on the data from 1971 to 2011 of hydrological and rainfall representative stations in urban and suburban areas of Kunming City, the geographical distribution, temporal and spatial scales, seasonal variations and interannual variations of storm floods in and around the city were analyzed. The results show that the frequency of local torrential rains in Kunming City increased. The center of torrential rain was mainly located in the upper reaches of Panlong River from Dianwei River to the northwest Shahe - Kunming main city. High intensity heavy rain often concentrated in dozens of minutes, 10min rainfall accounted for 23% ~ 60min rainfall, 70%, 1h rainfall accounted for 30% ~ 24h of 24h rainfall. Affected by the urbanization, the rainfall in urban areas showed a trend of increasing after 1990, with the maximum rainfall at 1 day being especially obvious. The temporal and spatial distribution of floods and seasonal changes were basically the same as those of heavy rainstorms.