自鸦片战争以后,中国社会开始了半殖民地半封建的历史时代,而中国社会政治经济发生剧烈的变动,阶级关系开始显著的变化,则是从太平天国革命和第二次鸦片战争以后,即十九世纪六十年代开始的。在这个期间,清政府开始重用汉人地主阶级的代表人物曾国藩、李鸿章等人,洋人也开始进入了朝廷,清政府的机构为了适应第二次鸦片战争以后中外关系的变化,也开始有某些变动,同时又唱出“办外交”“以求中外和好”,“兴工业”以谋“富强”。于是开始了所谓洋务运动。“洋务运动”对中国政治经济起了很大的影响作用。封建统治阶级中有人曾把这个时期说成是“同治中兴”,买办资产阶级称赞它是中国的“工 Since the Opium War, Chinese society started a semi-colonial and semi-feudal historical era. However, due to dramatic changes in China’s social and political economy and dramatic changes in class relations, it started with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolution and the Second Opium War, that is, the nineteenth century The sixties began. During this period, the Qing government began to reuse the representatives of the Chinese landlord class, such as Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang. Foreign foreigners also began to enter the court. The Qing government agencies started to adapt to changes in Sino-foreign relations after the Second Opium War At the same time, they sing “do diplomacy” and “seek reconciliation between China and foreign countries” and “rejuvenating industries” in order to seek “prosperity and strength.” So began the so-called Westernization Movement. The Westernization Movement played a large role in the political and economic development in China. Some of the feudal ruling classes have described this period as “rejuvenating the Tongzhi Regiment,” and the comprador bourgeois praised it as a “worker” of China.