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目的了解湖南省新生儿破伤风病例的流行病学特征。为实现消除新生儿破伤风目标提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对收集的1996～2006年法定传染病报告系统和1999年以来湖南省新生儿破伤风监测系统的资料进行分析。结果我省新生儿破伤风发病率近年来明显下降,病例主要集中在经济水平相对落后的湘西、湘南地区。目前新生儿破伤风发病率较低,报告发病率和死亡率病例男女性别比差异较大,分别为2.32:1和2.57:1。绝大部分病例发生在农村和流动人口中,在家不洁分娩和无TT免疫史是造成发病的主要原因。结论湖南省经过开展消除新生儿破伤风的工作,有效降低了发病率,但实现消除的目标还有距离。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of neonatal tetanus in Hunan Province. Provide a scientific basis for the goal of eliminating neonatal tetanus. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the collected notifiable infectious diseases reporting system from 1996 to 2006 and the neonatal tetanus monitoring system in Hunan Province since 1999. Results The incidence of neonatal tetanus in our province decreased significantly in recent years, the cases mainly concentrated in the relatively backward economy in western Hunan and southern Hunan. At present, the incidence of tetanus in newborns is low, and the difference in male and female sex ratio of the reported morbidity and mortality is significant at 2.32: 1 and 2.57: 1, respectively. The vast majority of cases occurred in rural areas and floating population, at home, unclear childbirth and no TT immune history is the main cause of the disease. Conclusions Hunan Province has effectively reduced the incidence of neonatal tetanus by eliminating neonatal tetanus, but there is still a long way to go to achieve its goal of elimination.