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南京国民政府主导下的经济发展具有强制性制度变迁特征,亦是对二千多年中国“重农抑商”路径锁定的继续突破。政府通过制度与立法保障以及国家资本主义政策,建构现代金融体制和加强国家关键资源管控,推进自由契约、财产权和自由企业的保护,激活要素市场、产品市场,引导新兴工商产业发展和传统农业振兴;开放与自由使金融市场、商品市场以及土地市场表现活跃,乡村复兴使传统农业迈向现代转型之路,商会、农会、同业公会等民间经济组织及舆论自由构成经济发展的助力与保护,同时还促进政府及其决策之优化;政府与市场双向互动关系迎来了近代中国经济发展的第二个黄金期。该时期南京国民政府重构政府权威与适时有效干预经济发展、政府与市场在经济社会发展中形成双轮驱动态势,以及大量专家精英参与制度设计和决策减少试错成本等,具有重要的历史借鉴意义。
The economic development under the leadership of the Nanjing National Government has the characteristics of a mandatory system change. It is also a continued breakthrough in the two-year long course of “stopping agriculture and suppressing commerce” in more than 2,000 years. The government, through institutional and legislative safeguards and state capitalist policies, has constructed a modern financial system and strengthened state control over key resources, promoted the protection of free contracts, property rights and free enterprise, activated key markets and product markets, and led the development of new industries and industries and the revitalization of traditional agriculture ; Opening up and freedom have brought about an active performance in financial markets, commodity markets and land markets; the revival of rural areas has brought the traditional agriculture toward a modern transformation; the non-governmental economic organizations such as chambers of commerce, peasant associations and trade associations as well as the freedom of opinion and public opinion constitute the assistance and protection of economic development; meanwhile, But also to promote the optimization of the government and its decision-making. The two-way interaction between the government and the market ushered in the second golden period of economic development in modern China. During this period, the Nanjing National Government restructured the authority of the government and timely and effectively interfered with the economic development. The government and the market formed a two-wheel-drive trend in the economic and social development and a large number of experts participated in the system design and decision-making to reduce trial and error costs. significance.