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本文收集分析《史记》《三国志》《水经注》中的60个地名,总结出“上”与“下”各自包含5类义项;它们大致成对称分布,但也存在义项空位;地名中的构词方式与方位语素的语义存在较强的相关性;许下、邺下等地名与“地名+下”式方位短语有着共同的初生形态;“X下”出现词汇化后,原有的方位短语身份仍较为顽强地保留着,“下”在方位词与无实义的语缀之间游离。
This paper collects and analyzes 60 place names in Shui Jing Zhu (Annals of Records of the Three Kingdoms) in the Records of the Historian and concludes that there are 5 kinds of meanings respectively in “Shang” and “Xia”; they are roughly distributed in pairs but there are also semantic gaps There is a strong correlation between the word formation in place names and the semantics of orientational morphemes. The place names such as Xu, Xia, etc. have a common newborn form with the “place + next” bearing phrase. After lexicalization, the original identity of the bearing phrase is still relatively tenaciously preserved, and “under” is free between the bearing word and the non-meaningless affix.