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目的分析北京市区无偿献血者经血传播HBV、HCV的血清学及核酸标志物的筛查情况,为无偿献血的招募策略调整提供依据。方法分析2007年1月1日至2011年12月31日北京市红十字血液中心无偿献血者乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)血清学及核酸的检测结果,按性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、献血方式、献血组织形式进行分层,回顾性调查分析各层5年之间的整体情况。结果 2007-2011年5年间北京市红十字血液中心共有1 065 177人次无偿献血,HBsAg和HCV筛查阳性率分别为0.36%、0.485%;男性的HBsAg携带率高于女性(P﹤0.05),但女性HCV的筛查阳性率明显高于男性(P<0.05),主要集中在≥40岁、农民和高中以下文化程度组。献血者中20~29岁年轻人所占比例最大,不同年龄组的筛查结果差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),HBsAg筛查阳性率随年龄增长而升高;除<20岁年龄组外(0.66%),HCV的筛查阳性率变化亦然。不同职业和文化程度献血人群的阳性率之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),农民的不合格率最高(0.48%,0.73%),高中以下人群的阳性率最高(0.44%,0.56%),不同组织形式无偿献血者的筛查结果间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),团体无偿组的HCV阳性率最高(0.79%)。机采和全血的筛查阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论献血者选择过程的质量控制是招募安全血源的重要环节,根据本地献血人群的实际,制定科学有效的招募策略,尽量选择较为安全的较高文化程度的年轻人和学生,鼓励并积极引导他们成为固定献血者。同时,积极探索更安全的血液检测模式以进一步保证血液安全。
Objective To analyze serological and nucleic acid markers of HBV and HCV in blood donation of blood donors in Beijing area and provide basis for adjustment of recruitment strategies of blood donation. Methods From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011, the serological results and hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were analyzed by sex, age , Occupation, educational level, blood donation method and blood donation form, and retrospectively investigated and analyzed the overall situation of each layer over a period of five years. Results A total of 1 065 177 blood donations were made at Beijing Red Cross Blood Center during 2007-2011. The positive rates of HBsAg and HCV screening were 0.36% and 0.485% respectively. The carrier rate of HBsAg was higher in males than in females (P <0.05) However, the positive rate of HCV screening in women was significantly higher than that in men (P <0.05), mainly in the group of ≥40 years of age, farmer and below-high school education. Among the donors, the proportion of young people aged 20- to 29-year-old was the largest, with significant differences in screening results among different age groups (P <0.05). The positive rate of HBsAg screening increased with age; except <20 years old Outside (0.66%), HCV screening positive rate changes also. There were significant differences in the positive rates of blood donation among different occupations and educational levels (P <0.05). The highest rate of unqualified farmers (0.48%, 0.73%) and the highest prevalence among high school students (0.44%, 0.56 %). There was significant difference between the screening results of different types of blood donors (P <0.05). The highest positive rate of HCV (0.79%) in the group gratuitous group. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of machine-picked and whole-blood screening. Conclusion The quality control of blood donor selection process is an important part of recruiting safe blood sources. Based on the actual blood donation groups in the country, we should formulate a scientific and effective recruitment strategy, try to choose safer and more educated young people and students, encourage and actively guide They become regular blood donors. At the same time, we will actively explore safer blood testing models to further ensure blood safety.