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小豆蔻明(cardamonin,CAR)的化学结构为2’,4’-二甲基-6’-甲氧基查尔酮,是一种主要存在于姜科山姜属植物草豆蔻种子中的黄酮类单体,生物活性广泛。由于其具有抗肿瘤作用,近年来倍受关注,并已有系列衍生物被合成。研究表明,CAR对多形性胶质母细胞瘤、Lewis肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌等肿瘤细胞的生长均有抑制作用,其作用机制涉及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)通路、核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)信号通路、谷氨酰胺转氨酶2、内源性凋亡途径、信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、细胞自噬、β-catenin和细胞周期调控等。本文主要对CAR及其衍生物的抗肿瘤作用及其机制进行综述。
The chemical structure of cardamonin (CAR) is 2 ’, 4’-dimethyl-6’-methoxyl chalcone, which is a kind of flavonoid mainly present in the ginger family Myrica nutmeg seed Class monomer, a wide range of biological activity. Due to its anti-tumor effect, it has drawn much attention in recent years and a series of derivatives have been synthesized. Studies have shown that CAR inhibits the growth of tumor cells such as glioblastoma multiforme, Lewis lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer, and its mechanism of action involves the mammalian target mammalian (mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR pathway, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, transglutaminase 2, endogenous apoptotic pathway, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3, E-cadherin, autophagy, β-catenin and cell cycle regulation. This article mainly reviews the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of CAR and its derivatives.