关税壁垒和非关税壁垒都形成对国际贸易的障碍 ,其中非关税壁垒又分为两大类 ,第一类是指进口国直接对进口商品的数量或金额加以限制 ,如进口配额制、进口许可制(市场准入制 )、外汇制等等 ;第二类是技术标准、技术法规、合格评定等贸易技术壁垒。世界贸易组织ＷＴＯ为减少各种 Tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers are obstacles to international trade, of which non-tariff barriers are divided into two categories, the first category refers to the importing country directly to the quantity or amount of imported goods to be restricted, such as import quotas, import permits System (market access system), foreign exchange system, etc .; the second category is technical standards, technical regulations, conformity assessment and other technical barriers to trade. WTO to reduce the variety of WTO