本文利用朱军等提出的禾谷类作物种子数量性状平均数遗传模型探讨了水稻籽粒蛋白质含量与产量的遗传效应。结果表明:籽粒蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量除受控于种子直接加性效应外,还受母体植株加性效应和显性效应的作用,且母体效应比种子直接加性效应更重要,其中尤以母体显性效应最重要。这2个性状种子直接遗传率和母体遗传率均达显著或极显著水平,狭义遗传率均较高,基因累加选择的同时不能忽视杂种优势利用。蛋白质含量与蛋白质产量间的种子直接加性、细胞质、母体加性等遗传参数存在显著或极显著负相关。 In this paper, Zhu Jun et al. Proposed a genetic model of average grain number traits for cereal crops to explore the genetic effects of grain protein content and yield in rice. The results showed that grain protein content and protein yield were not only controlled by direct additive effect of seeds, but also affected by additive and dominant effects of maternal plants. Maternal effect was more important than direct additive effect of seeds, especially in maternal Dominant effect is the most important. The direct heritability and maternal heritability of the two traits reached significant or extremely significant levels, and the heritability was high in the narrow sense. The selection of genes could not ignore the utilization of heterosis. There were significant or extremely significant negative correlations between the protein content and the protein yield, the direct additive of cytoplasm, the genetic parameters such as cytoplasm and maternal additive.