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杂种优势广泛应用于农业生产中,其遗传基础研究也取得了系列进展.显性学说,超显性学说和上位性学说这三个经典假说都找到了遗传上的新证据.随着大规模测序技术的发展,全基因关联分析、基因组结构变异、转录组、蛋白组、表观基因组的兴起为植物杂种优势的预测带来了新的机遇和挑战.本综述对杂种优势遗传机理的最新研究进展进行了评述,对未来植物杂种优势研究的方向和策略进行了思考,提出了植物杂种优势分子遗传机理研究的新策略.“,”Heterosis is widely used in agricultural production,whose genetic basis has also made a series of progress.Three classical hypotheses (dominance,overdominance,epistasis) have found new genetic evidence.With the development of large scale sequencing technology,the appearance of genome-wide association analysis,genome structural variation,transcription,proteome and epigenetic genome have brought new opportunities and challenges for the prediction of heterosis.In this study,we summarized the recent progress in the genetic basis of heterosis,discussed the future direction and strategy of plant heterosis research,and put forward the new strategy for the molecular genetic mechanism of plant heterosis.