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谭嗣同作为“戊戌变政”运动的精英人物,又是近代道德转型的先驱者。因为传统中国所实行的是政治道德化与道德政治化的机制,因而人们对政治的态度实际上也即其道德人格诉求。谭嗣同进行“政体创新”与“道德创新”的理论武器是其“心力说”。“心力说”对中国近代道德转型所起的奠基作用有:在道德本质问题上,用世俗的“人欲之善”取代了传统的“天理之善”;在道德实践理性上,用近代性“平等自主”之美德扬弃了古典式“等级依附”之美德;在“集体关怀”的德性层面,用“平民主义”否定了“权威主义”。
Tan Sitong, as an elite figure in the “Reform Movement” in 1898, is also a pioneer of modern moral transformation. Because traditional China is practiced as a mechanism of political moralization and moral politicization, people’s attitude toward politics is actually their moral character aspirations. Tan Sitong’s theory of “innovation in political system” and “moral innovation” is his “heart-power theory.” On the issue of moral essence, “heart power theory” has laid the foundation for the moral transformation in modern China. It has replaced the traditional “goodness of nature” with the secular “goodness of human desires.” On the moral practice rationality, The virtue of “equal autonomy” abandoned the virtue of classical “class attachment”; in “morality of collective care”, “populism” denied “authoritarianism.”