目的探讨桥本脑病(HE)的发病机制、临床表现、实验室检查特点、诊断及治疗。方法对4例HE患者的临床表现、实验室检查、诊断及治疗方面进行回顾性分析。结果临床主要表现为共济失调、意识障碍、肢体抽搐、精神症状、言语不清等。2例存在甲状腺功能减退,2例甲状腺功能正常,3例抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体增高明显,3例脑电图广泛异常,1例局限性异常,主要表现为慢波,磁共振表现无特异性。4例患者激素治疗均有效。结论患者有脑部病变的表现,且血清抗甲状腺抗体水平升高,在排除其他病因后需考虑HE的诊断。 Objective To investigate the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE). Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases of HE were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main clinical manifestations of ataxia, disturbance of consciousness, limb twitching, mental symptoms, vague language. 2 cases had hypothyroidism, 2 cases of normal thyroid function, 3 cases of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody increased significantly, 3 cases of extensive abnormal EEG, 1 cases of localized abnormalities, mainly for the slow wave, non-specific performance of magnetic resonance Sex. 4 patients with hormone therapy are effective. Conclusions Patients have brain lesions with elevated levels of serum anti-thyroid antibodies. The diagnosis of HE should be considered after excluding other causes.