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应用同位素~(15)N 示踪技术,盆栽结瘤(R_(j1))与不结瘤(r_(j1))等位基因系大豆,研究豆株对土壤氮(N_S),肥料氮(N_F)和空气氮(N_G)的吸收利用特点,试验结果表明:r_(j1)豆株只利用 N_S 和 N_F,对氮肥反应敏感;R_(j1)豆株的氮素来源,开花前N_S>N_F>N_G,开花后 N_G>N_S>N_F,对磷钾肥反应敏感;氮肥对结瘤固氮有明显抑制作用,程度轻重及时间长短与施氮量有关,抑制作用在固氮高峰期前基本消失的施氮水平有利结瘤固氮;适量施用氮肥可促进豆株对 N_S 的吸收,~(15)N_1P_2K_(4/3) R_(j1)和~(15)N_2P_2K_(4/3)R_(j1)两处理的激发率分别为1.535和1.778;豆株吸收N_S 与结瘤固氮间呈显著负相关,施氮肥不合理不仅直接抑制结瘤固氮,还能通过增加吸收 N_S 而间接影响结瘤固氮,三种来源氮素在豆株各器官的分配有明显差异,豆根吸收的 N_F 和 N_S 较多的组成营养器官;结瘤固定的 N_G 较多的进入结实器官;根瘤菌与豆株共生能显著扩大氮源、增加产量,~(15)N_1P_2K_(4/3)R_(j1)处理提供的 N_G 可达总吸氮量的67.8%,~(15)N_1P_2K_(4/3)R_(j1)处理比~(15)N_1P_2K_(4/3)r_(j1)处理的籽实产量提高3.1倍。
The effects of soybean plant on soil nitrogen (N_S), fertilizer nitrogen (N_F) and nitrogen (N_F) were studied by isotope ~ (15) N tracing technique, pot nodulation (R_ (j1)) and non-nodulation (r_ (j1) ) And air nitrogen (N_G). The results showed that: the use of N_S and N_F by N_J and N_F was only sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrogen source of R_ (j1) N_G and N_G> N_S> N_F after flowering were sensitive to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Nitrogen had a significant inhibitory effect on the nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The severity and duration of nitrogen fertilizer were related to the amount of nitrogen application, and the nitrogen application was basically absent until the peak of nitrogen fixation Which would be favorable for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could promote the absorption of N_S, and the excitation of ~ (15) N_1P_2K_ (4/3) R_ (j1) and ~ (15) N_2P_2K_ (4/3) R_ (j1) The rates of N_S and N fixation in the soybean plants were significantly negatively correlated. The unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer not only directly inhibited the nodulation and nitrogen fixation, but also indirectly affected the nodulation and nitrogen fixation by increasing the N_S absorption. The three nitrogen sources The distribution of various organs in soybean plants were significantly different, the root absorption of N_F and N_S more composed of vegetative organs; N_G nodules fixed more into the solid organs; Rhizobium The symbiosis of soybean plants could significantly increase the nitrogen source and increase the yield. N_G provided by ~ (15) N_1P_2K_ (4/3) R_ (j 1) treatment can reach 67.8% of the total nitrogen uptake, ~ 15 N_1P_2K_ (4/3) The seed yield of R_ (j1) was 3.1 times higher than that of ~ (15) N_1P_2K_ (4/3) r_ (j1).