母婴传播乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)目前已被公认是世界上传播乙型肝炎的重要途经之一。1980年我国病毒性肝炎重点流行病学调查证实,我国正常人群的HBsAg调整流行率为8.75％,其中5岁以下幼儿HBsAg流行率高达88.6％。由于婴幼儿免疫应答系统尚未发育成熟,被感染后一般不出现临床症状,但绝大多数变为慢性持续性携带者。据我国的调查和日本大林的报道,10岁以下HBsAg携带者中HBcAg阳性率分别为 Mother-to-child transmission Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now recognized as one of the world’s major routes for the spread of Hepatitis B. In 1980, the epidemiological investigation of viral hepatitis in China confirmed that the prevalence of HBsAg in our normal population was 8.75%, of which the prevalence of HBsAg in children under 5 years old was as high as 88.6%. As the infant immune response system has not yet matured, generally do not appear infected clinical symptoms, but the vast majority of chronic persistent carriers. According to our survey and the Japanese Dalin report, HBsAg-positive rate of HBsAg carriers under 10 years of age were