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抗战初期,国民党表现了较大的抗日积极性,动员了近200个师的兵力,先后进行了四大会战和其它一系列战役。对这些军事活动的功过是非,论述颇多。但对于指导这些军事活动的军事战略,长期以来,仅以“消极防御”来概括。相反,一些港台学者则认为,国民党不但早已洞察战争全局及其进程,而且成功地运用了军事策略,为抗战的胜利奠定了基础。孰是孰非,必须以客观事实来说明。本文试图对国民党如何进行军事上的消极防御,如何导致整个正面战场的溃退;在战争的进程中,又是怎样考虑、调整、制定具体战略的;这些战略的利弊如何等等问题,作一些粗浅的考察,抛砖引玉,向各位同行请教。
In the early days of the war of resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang demonstrated its great enthusiasm for resistance against Japan, mobilized the forces of nearly 200 divisions, conducted four major battle battles and a series of other battles. The merits and demerits of these military activities are numerous. However, the military strategy to guide these military activities has for a long time been summed up in “passive defense.” On the contrary, some RTHK scholars argue that the Kuomintang not only had a long history of understanding the overall situation of the war and its progress, but also successfully used military tactics to lay the foundation for the victory of the war. What is right or wrong, must be objective facts to illustrate. This article tries to explain how the Guomindang’s military negative defense can lead to the collapse of the entire frontal battlefield. In the course of the war, how to consider, adjust and formulate specific strategies? How are the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies? Study, start a discussion, to your colleagues advice.